Lesson 1

Solve any equation by graphing it

The single most useful move on the digital SAT. You almost never need to do algebra by hand, you graph each side and click where they cross.

The idea

To solve something like 3x − 7 = 2, treat each side as its own graph. Type the left side and the right side on separate lines, then click the point where the two graphs meet. The x-value of that point is your answer.

Remember the rule from earlier: if the expression contains an x, Desmos assumes y = for you, so you can just type 3x-7. A bare number needs the full y = 2.

Look at the boxes on the left of the calculator, the two functions are already typed in for you: 3x-7 and y=2. That's exactly what you'd type on the test.

Click the two lines' intersection inside the calculator, Desmos shows (3, 2). Answer: x = 3.

⚠️SAT trap: the question asks for the value of x, but the intersection point is (x, y). Read the first number, not the second. Answer here is 3, not 2.

Your turn

Solve 2x + 5 = 13 in the calculator below. Type 2x+5 in the first box and y=13 in the second, then click where the lines cross.

Show answer
They cross at (4, 13), so x = 4.

Practice

Use this calculator to solve each one, type the two sides in the boxes, then click the crossing.

Solve 5x − 4 = 2x + 11.
Answer
Type 5x-4 and 2x+11. They meet at (5, 21)x = 5.
Solve ½x − 3 = 1.
Answer
Type 0.5x-3 and y=1. Cross at (8, 1)x = 8.
What value of x satisfies x² = 3x + 10? (SAT loves “which is a solution”.)
Answer
Type x^2 and 3x+10. Two crossings: (5, 25) and (−2, 4). Solutions x = 5 and x = −2. A parabola can meet a line twice, check both.

Method 2, the one-line shortcut

Now that you're comfortable with the two-line method, here's a faster version for once you've mastered it. Instead of graphing both sides, move everything to one side and graph a single function, then click where it crosses the x-axis.

For 3x − 7 = 2, subtract 2 from both sides to get 3x − 7 − 2 = 0, and graph just the left side:

One line, one box. Click where it hits the x-axis, the point (3, 0). The x-value 3 is your answer, same as before.

Both methods always give the same answer. Use whichever feels faster on the day, the two-line method is easier to picture, the one-line method is quicker to type.

Lesson 2

Systems of equations & special cases

Two equations at once? Graph both and click where they cross, that point solves the whole system. And the way the graphs sit tells you instantly when there's no solution or infinitely many.

Solving a system

For y = 2x + 1 and y = −x + 7, graph both and click the intersection. That single point (x, y) is the solution to both equations at once.

System solution: the lines cross at (2, 5).

Reading the three outcomes

This is the part the SAT tests constantly. Load each button above and watch what happens:

What you seeMeaningExample
One crossing pointExactly one solution2x+1 & -x+7
Parallel, never touchNo solution2x+1 & 2x+5
Same line, fully overlappingInfinitely many (identity)2(x+3) & 2x+6
⚠️SAT trap: when two graphs overlap perfectly you only see one line on screen, students think Desmos “only drew one.” It drew both; they're identical. That's the signal for infinitely many solutions, not an error.
💡Confirm an overlap: long-press one line's colored icon and make it thick, or change its style to dashed. If the other line runs perfectly down its middle everywhere, they're the same line → identity.

Your turn

Decide how many solutions 3x − 6 = 3x + 2 has. Type 3x-6 and 3x+2 in the boxes below and look at how the lines sit.

Show answer
Same slope (3), different intercepts → parallel lines that never meet → no solution.

Practice

Use this calculator to test each system, type both equations in the boxes.

Solve the system y = 3x − 4 and y = −2x + 11.
Answer
Cross at (3, 5)x = 3, y = 5.
For what value of c does 4x + 6 = 4x + c have infinitely many solutions?
Answer
The two sides must be the same line, so c = 6. (Try it: only when c=6 do the graphs fully overlap.)
The system x + y = 5 and 2x + 2y = 20 has how many solutions?
Answer
Type both as full equations. They're parallel (the second is x+y=10) → no solution. Watch for equations that are secretly multiples of each other.
Lesson 3

Zeros, vertex, and min / max of a parabola

Quadratics are all over the SAT. Desmos will hand you the roots and the turning point if you just click the curve, no factoring, no vertex formula.

The idea

Graph the quadratic on its own line. Then click directly on the curve. Desmos lights up its special points: where it crosses the x-axis (the zeros / roots / solutions) and the very bottom or top of the curve (the vertex, which is the minimum or maximum).

The example below is x^2 - 4x - 5, already typed in the box for you.

Click where it crosses the x-axis → (−1, 0) and (5, 0): the zeros are x = −1 and x = 5. Click the bottom of the curve → (2, −9): the vertex, so the minimum value is −9.

⚠️SAT trap: “minimum value” means the y-coordinate of the vertex (−9 here). “The value of x that gives the minimum” means the x-coordinate (2). Two different numbers from the same point, read the one the question asks for.

Your turn

Find the zeros and the vertex of x^2 - 6x + 8. Type it in the box, then click the curve's crossings and its lowest point.

Show answer
Zeros at (2, 0) and (4, 0)x = 2, 4. Vertex at (3, −1)minimum value −1.

Practice

Type each quadratic in the box and click the points you need.

How many real solutions does x² + 2x + 5 = 0 have?
Answer
Graph x^2+2x+5. The parabola sits entirely above the x-axis, it never crosses → 0 real solutions. (A graph that doesn't touch the x-axis = no real roots.)
What is the minimum value of y = 2x² − 8x + 3?
Answer
Click the bottom of the curve → (2, −5). Minimum value = −5.
The function y = −x² + 4x + 1 has a maximum. What is it?
Answer
This opens downward. Click the top → (2, 5). Maximum value = 5.
Lesson 4

Nonlinear systems, a line meeting a curve

When one equation is a curve (a parabola or circle) and the other is a line, graph both and click every crossing. Each intersection is a solution, and there can be two, one, or none.

The idea

It works exactly like a linear system: put each equation on its own line and click where the graphs meet. The difference is that a line can cut a parabola in two places, just touch it once, or miss it entirely, so check how many crossings there are.

The example is the parabola y = x² − 1 and the line y = x + 1, already in the boxes.

Click both crossings → (−1, 0) and (2, 3). The system has two solutions: x = −1 and x = 2.

⚠️SAT trap: “how many solutions” means count the intersection points, not the pieces of graph. A line tangent to a parabola touches at exactly one point (one solution); a line that misses the parabola gives zero. And when asked for “the solution with the greater x,” read the point on the right.

Your turn

Solve the system y = x² and y = 2x + 3. Type both in the boxes and click the crossings.

Show answer
They cross at (−1, 1) and (3, 9) → solutions x = −1 and x = 3.

Practice

Type both equations and click the intersections. Remember a circle needs its full equation.

How many solutions does y = x² + 2 and y = x have?
Answer
Graph x^2+2 and x. The line passes below the parabola and never touches it → 0 solutions.
Where does the line y = 4 meet y = x²?
Answer
Type x^2 and y=4. Crossings at (−2, 4) and (2, 4).
Solve the system x² + y² = 25 and y = x + 1 (a line meeting a circle).
Answer
Type the full circle equation and the line. They cross at (−4, −3) and (3, 4) → two solutions.
Lesson 5

Sliders, solve for an unknown letter

When a question has an unknown constant (like c, k, or m) and a condition to satisfy, a slider lets you dial the letter until the picture is right, and read the answer off the slider.

The idea

Type the equation using the unknown letter. Desmos notices the letter isn't defined and offers to add a slider for it. Then drag the slider until the graph does what the question says, passes through a point, just touches a curve, etc. The slider's value is your answer.

Example: “The line y = 2x + c passes through the point (3, 10). Find c.” Below, the point and the line are set up, with a slider on c.

Drag the c slider until the line runs through the dot at (3, 10). It lands there at c = 4.

⚠️SAT trap: a slider moves in steps (often whole numbers). If the answer is a fraction like 2.5, the line may never sit exactly on the point. Either shrink the slider's step, or once you're close, type the exact value in the box to confirm.

Your turn

The line y = mx − 1 passes through (2, 5). Use the slider on m to find it.

Show answer
The line hits (2, 5) when m = 3.

Practice

Set up each one with a slider and dial in the answer.

For what value of b does y = 3x + b pass through (−2, 1)?
Answer
Type y=3x+b (add slider) and the point (-2,1). The line hits it at b = 7.
For what value of k does 4x + 6 = 4x + k have infinitely many solutions?
Answer
Graph 4x+6 and 4x+k with a slider on k. The two lines overlap completely only at k = 6.
The parabola y = a(x−1)² passes through (3, 8). Find a.
Answer
Slider on a, plot (3,8). The curve passes through the point at a = 2.
Lesson 6

Tables, plot given data & sequences

When a question hands you a set of points or a sequence, put them in a Desmos table. You'll see the pattern on the graph, and you can read off missing values.

The idea

Start a table by typing a column name like x_1 (type x, then the underscore _, then 1). Add a second column y_1. Fill in the numbers and Desmos plots each pair as a dot, so the shape of the data appears.

The table below holds the points (0, 3), (1, 6), (2, 12), (3, 24).

The dots curve upward and each y doubles the last (3 → 6 → 12 → 24). That's exponential growth, so the next value at x = 4 would be 48.

⚠️SAT trap: the columns must be named with subscripts (x_1, y_1). If you just type x and y, Desmos treats it as an equation, not a table. The little _ underscore is what makes a subscript.

Your turn

Put the points (1, 5), (2, 8), (3, 11), (4, 14) in a table. Is the pattern linear? What's the value at x = 6?

Show answer
The dots line up straight and each y goes up by 3 → linear. Continuing the pattern: x=5 → 17, x=6 → 20.

Practice

Build a table for each one and look at how the dots behave.

A sequence starts 2, 6, 18, 54, …. Table it against x = 1, 2, 3, 4, is it linear or exponential?
Answer
Each term is ×3 the last → the dots curve upward → exponential (not a straight line).
Points (0, 7), (2, 3), (4, −1) lie on a line. What is the y-value at x = 6?
Answer
Each step of 2 in x drops y by 4, so at x=6, y = −5. The dots confirm a straight downward line.
Lesson 7

Line of best fit (regression)

For scatter-plot questions, Desmos finds the best-fit line for you and gives the exact slope and intercept, then you use that equation to predict.

The idea

Put the data in a table (x_1, y_1), then on a new line type the model with a tilde ~ instead of an equals sign: y_1 ~ mx_1 + b. Desmos calculates the best-fit m and b and shows them. That's your line of best fit.

Below, a table of data already has the regression y_1 ~ mx_1 + b running on it.

Open the regression line's row and Desmos shows m ≈ 1.95, b ≈ 1.15. To predict at x = 10, type 1.95(10)+1.1520.6.

⚠️SAT trap: regression needs the tilde ~, not =. With an equals sign Desmos thinks you're defining an equation and won't fit anything. Also make sure the variables in the model match your column names exactly (x_1, y_1).

Your turn

Fit a line to (1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 9), (4, 10), (5, 13) and predict the value at x = 8.

Show answer
Best fit is about m ≈ 2.3, b ≈ 1.5. At x = 8: 2.3(8)+1.5 ≈ 19.9. (Exact numbers appear in the regression row.)

Practice

Enter each dataset as a table, add y_1 ~ mx_1 + b, and read m and b.

For (0, 2), (1, 4), (2, 6), (3, 8), what are the slope and intercept of the best-fit line?
Answer
Perfectly straight → m = 2, b = 2. (When data is exactly linear, the fit is exact.)
The best-fit line for some data is y = 1.8x + 3. What does it predict at x = 20?
Answer
Type 1.8(20)+339.
Lesson 8

Exponential growth & decay

Exponentials appear all over the SAT, population, money, half-life. Graphing y = a·bˣ shows instantly whether it grows or decays, and lets you read off any value.

The idea

An exponential is y = a·bˣ. The a is the starting value (where it sits at x = 0) and b is the multiplier each step. If b > 1 the curve grows; if b is between 0 and 1 it decays. Type it in and the shape tells you which.

The example is y = 3·2ˣ (starts at 3, doubles each step), already in the box.

Click the curve at x = 0(0, 3), the starting value. Each step right doubles it: 3 → 6 → 12. Base 2 > 1, so it's growth.

⚠️SAT trap: a percent rate becomes the base. “Grows 5% per year” → b = 1.05; “decays 10% per year” → b = 0.90. Don't type 0.05 or 0.10 as the base, you add or subtract from 1 first.

Your turn

A 100 mg sample halves each hour: f(x) = 100·(0.5)ˣ. How much is left after 3 hours? Define the function and evaluate f(3).

Show answer
Desmos shows f(3) = 12.5 mg. Base 0.5 < 1, so it decays, halving from 100 → 50 → 25 → 12.5.

Practice

Type each function in the box; click the curve or evaluate with f(number).

Does y = 5·(0.8)ˣ grow or decay?
Answer
Base 0.8 is between 0 and 1 → the curve falls → decay.
If f(x) = 2·(3)ˣ, what is f(4)?
Answer
Define f(x)=2(3)^{x}, type f(4)162 (2 × 81).
A town of 500 grows 4% per year. What's the population after 10 years?
Answer
Type 500(1.04)^{10} → about 740. The base is 1.04, not 0.04.

Method 2, exponential best fit

Once linear regression (Lesson 7) is comfortable, the same tilde trick fits an exponential curve to data. Put the points in a table and type y_1 ~ ab^(x_1), Desmos finds the best a and b.

For this doubling data the fit gives a = 5, b = 2, i.e. y = 5·2ˣ. Use the tilde ~, exactly like the line of best fit.

Lesson 9

Circles & conics

Circle questions become easy once you graph them: the center and radius are right there. This is the topic we started with, now it's a full lesson.

The idea

A circle is (x − h)² + (y − k)² = r², with center (h, k) and radius r. Type the full equation (a circle needs both sides, you can't drop the = r²). Graph the center as its own point to see it, then count squares out to the edge for the radius.

The example is (x-2)^2 + (y-3)^2 = 25 with its center (2, 3) plotted.

Right side is 25, so radius = √25 = 5. Count 5 squares from the center dot (2, 3) to the edge to confirm.

⚠️SAT trap: the radius is the square root of the right-hand number, not the number itself. = 25 means radius 5, not 25. And Desmos never marks the center for you, you have to plot the point yourself to see it.

Your turn

Graph (x+1)^2 + (y-4)^2 = 9. What are its center and radius?

Show answer
Center (−1, 4) (signs flip inside the brackets), radius √9 = 3.

Practice

Graph each circle. Plot the center point too so you can see it.

What is the radius of x² + y² = 49?
Answer
Center (0, 0), radius √49 = 7.
Find the center and radius of (x−5)² + (y+2)² = 16.
Answer
Center (5, −2), radius √16 = 4.

Method 2, the “messy” general form

Once the standard form is comfortable, here's how to handle the general form like x² + y² − 6x − 8y = 0, where the center isn't obvious. Just graph it, Desmos still draws the circle, then plot points around it, or use the fact that the center is the middle of the widest span.

Desmos draws it; the center turns out to be (3, 4) and the radius 5. Plot (3, 4) and count to the edge to confirm.

Lesson 10

Inequalities & shaded regions

Type an inequality and Desmos shades every point that satisfies it. For a system, the overlap of the shading is your solution region, perfect for “which point works” questions.

The idea

Write inequalities just like equations but with <, >, <=, or >=. Desmos shades the region. Put two inequalities in and the darker overlapping area is where both are true.

Below: y ≤ −x + 4 and y ≥ x − 2, shaded.

Any point in the doubly-shaded wedge satisfies both. Test a point like (0, 0), it's in the region, so it's a solution.

⚠️SAT trap: a solid boundary line means the points on it count ( or ); a dashed line means they don't (< or >). If a question's answer sits right on the line, this decides it.

Your turn

Shade y > 2x − 3 and y < −x + 6. Is the point (1, 1) a solution to both?

Show answer
Plot (1, 1): it lands inside the overlap (1 > −1 and 1 < 5), so yes, it satisfies both.

Practice

Type the inequalities and read the shaded region. Plot a test point when a question asks about one.

Is (2, 5) a solution to y ≥ x + 1?
Answer
Shade y ≥ x+1 and plot (2, 5). Since 5 ≥ 3, the dot is in the shaded area → yes.
For the system y < 3x and y > −2, name one point in the solution region.
Answer
The overlap is above y = −2 and below y = 3x. For example (2, 0) works (0 < 6 and 0 > −2). Any point Desmos shows in the doubly-shaded area is valid.
Lesson 11

Time-saver tricks

A few small moves that quietly save minutes: evaluating a function at many values, and getting statistics instantly.

Trick A, define a function, then plug in

Define the function once with f(x) = …, then on a new line just type f(number) and Desmos prints the value. No re-typing the whole expression for each input.

Below, f(x) = 2x² − 3x + 1 is defined, and f(4) is evaluated.

Desmos shows f(4) = 21. Change the input to f(−1), f(0), anything, the answer updates instantly.

⚠️SAT trap: when a question says “f(3) = ?” or gives you g(x) and asks for a specific output, you don't graph and hunt, define the function and type the value directly. Faster and no misreading the graph.

Trick B, instant statistics

Desmos has built-in stats functions. Type mean(…), median(…), stdev(…), or total(…) with a list of numbers in brackets, and it computes it.

Your turn

Find the mean and median of 4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42. Type mean([4,8,15,16,23,42]) and median([4,8,15,16,23,42]).

Show answer
Mean = 18, median = 15.5 (the average of the two middle numbers, 15 and 16).

Practice

If g(x) = x² − 5x, what is g(6)?
Answer
Define g(x)=x^2-5x, type g(6)6.
What is the mean of 12, 15, 21, 24?
Answer
Type mean([12,15,21,24])18.
Reference

SAT Desmos cheat sheet

Everything from the demo lessons on one page. Use the print button to save it as a PDF.

GoalWhat to type in DesmosHow to read the answer
Solve an equation for xleftSide
rightSide (each own line)
Click the intersection; take the x-value.
Skip typing y =Allowed if it contains x (e.g. 3x-7)A bare number needs y = 2.
One-line solvey = left − rightClick where it crosses the x-axis (the zero).
Solve a systemBoth equations, each own lineIntersection (x, y) solves both.
No solution, Lines are parallel, never cross.
Infinitely many (identity), Lines fully overlap (looks like one line).
Zeros / roots of a quadraticx^2-4x-5Click where it crosses the x-axis.
Line meets a curve (nonlinear system)Both equations, each own lineClick each crossing; count them for “how many”.
Min / max (vertex)x^2-4x-5Click the turning point; value = y-coord.
Solve for an unknown lettery=2x+c + slider on cDrag until condition met; read the slider.
Plot data / spot a patternTable with x_1, y_1 columnsLook at the dots: line vs curve.
Line of best fity_1 ~ mx_1 + b (tilde!)Read m and b Desmos computes.
Exponential growth / decay3*2^x, base >1 grows, <1 decaysClick curve; a = value at x=0.
Exponential best fity_1 ~ ab^(x_1)Read a and b.
Circle center & radius(x-h)^2+(y-k)^2=r^2Center (h,k); radius = (right side).
Inequality regiony <= -x+4Shaded area; overlap = both true.
Evaluate a functionf(x)=… then f(4)Desmos prints the value.
Statisticsmean([…]), median([…])Value shown instantly.
⚠️Top traps: read the x-value not the y; a parabola can cross a line twice; overlapping lines look like one but mean infinitely many; equations that are multiples of each other can hide a “no solution.”
Want to go from these tricks to a top SAT score?

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